Life between the city and village Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life between the city and village - Essay Example No wonder many social interactions and new ventures are initiated in the cities (Leuzzi, 1995). However, despite the fact that the village is less advance than the cities in terms of the social amenities and the advance facilities, the cultural identity is real and this is directly correlated to the attitudes and ideologies of the village dwellers (Klinkenborg, 2003). Village dwellers tend to be more welcoming and friendly. In fact the love that runs deep down the villagers makes them consider everyone around them as a brother or a sister. Village lifestyle is also free of pollution and less overcrowded. The air too is fresh and less polluted that why many village dwellers are considered healthier than individuals from the city (Hillyard, 2007). As a conclusion, life may seem very enjoyable in the cities due to the many opportunities and the social amenities available but village life is likewise unique and less stressful, healthier as it is warm and welcoming to

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Corporate governance - Essay Example ts relation to growth and development of companies and also the scandals that arise where good governance is eliminated and the ways in which these scandals can be eliminated in businesses through proper regulation and legal control. Corporate governance in UK dates back to the growing anxiety in 2002 where corporate scandals had started being experienced in the US. UK set up the Smith committee and the Higgs committee to investigate these failures and the reports were evident of the latent manegiarialism in companies. This raised concerns on integrity of the managerial system of companies. It was argued that high-quality corporate governance was supposed to reduce costs and improve good working conditions of the workers. It was caught up in a scandal in 2008 in which there was an asset scandal which led to loss of value of the bank’s shares. It had a win- win situation where traders who won were rewarded hand those who lost their money to the bank. This was a short term performance that led to the loss of the value. They could have used a much longer term performance. It has been up with a number of controversies e.g. that of environmental pollution particularly in African countries. In 1990 protesters were against the company’s environmental record because of the possible pollution that was caused by the proposed disposal of Brent spar. This was a platform in the North Sea. Shell reversed the decision despite the massive support it received from the United Kingdom government. It maintained that the sinking of the platform would also have done better for the environment than the revised decision. Shell had also another scandal in 2004 of overstatement of oil reserves. This resulted to the loss of confidence of investors and stakeholders for the group. The financial services authority fined them 17million Euros. This also saw the departure of Phillip Warts. In Africa, it has led to environmental issues some of which are very extreme. Many pipes are much

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Essay -- Science Energy Power Papers

Hydrogen Fuel Cell The Hydrogen Fuel Cell could revolutionize the world. This ingenious technology, which creates electricity from the chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen has, in its 150-year history, passed many of the critical tests along the path from invention to innovation. Recent developments in fuel cell technology and concurrent developments within the energy and automotive industries have brought the world to brink of the fuel cell age and the hydrogen economy. The future is, however, inherently murky. Fuel cells still face significant technological, political and economic hurdles before they can realize their truly awesome potential. An examination of these hurdles, set to the backdrop of an explanation of the current state of the art in fuel cell technology and the current and developing economic and regulatory landscape, will provide insights into much touted future of the fuel cell. In the near future, the fuel cell will come to play a much more prominent role in the world energy economy. The extent to which this innovation will revolutionize the world will depend on any number of technological, economic and political factors. In order to understand the potential impact and resulting policy implications of the fuel cell, it is first necessary to explain the technology of the fuel cell. The fuel cell utilizes the chemical properties of hydrogen to produce an electrical current. "...[T]hey produce an electric current by intercepting the electrons that flow from one reactant to the other in an electrochemical reaction."1 Fuel cells require only a fuel containing hydrogen and oxygen, usually from atmospheric air, to produce electricity. A fuel cell that utilizes pure hydrogen produces this electricity le... ... Tax leads to burial at sea," New Scientist, 3 August 1996. "English Conference of the Parties," Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change." http://www.cnn.com/SPECICALS/1997/global.warming/stories/treat/index4.html "Cleaner Energy," The Economist. 18 April 1998. p17. Ibid. Ibid. "Climate Change Information Sheet 24," UNFCCC Climate Change Information Kit. http://www.unfccc.de/resource/iuckit/fact24.html "Emission Summary for CO2 in United States of America," United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change. 11/18/99. http://www.unfccc.de The Economist. 18 April 1998. New Scientist, 3 August 1996. "Fill'er Up: With Hydrogen," Reuters, 16 August, 1999. Available on Wired News, http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,21293,00.html. "Fuel cells meet big business," The Economist. 24 July 1999. Ibid Ibid

Invisible Man Satire Essay

Nov 12, 2012 – Invisible Man Satire Many of the characters and places in Invisible Man have satirical names that represent the place or character’s importance †¦ Satirical Intent of Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison by Jessica Davis on †¦ prezi.com/†¦/satirical-intent-of-invisible-man-by-ralph-ellison/‎ Mar 4, 2013 – Presented by: Jessica Davis Rachel Wolf Dylan Hoover Kameron Smith Satirical Intent Greenwood The Golden Day Liberty Paints Dr. A. NOVELS: The Invisible Man – Library library.thinkquest.org/23846/library/novels/theinvis_01_nov.html‎ Aug 31, 1998 – The Invisible Man begins with the narrator recalling his grandfather’s last †¦ This book is written as a satire of the myth of American success. Things Left Unseen — Humour in Invisible Man | Authentically Satirical lamorea.wordpress.com/2012/03/29/things-left-unseen-invisible-man/‎ Mar 29, 2012 – I urge you to listen to this song in the background when reading this post, as the song is very famously listened to by the Narrator in the novel. Modern Day Satire – The Invisible Man – Listen and discover music †¦ www.last.fm/music/Modern+Day+Satire/_/The+Invisible+Man‎ Dec 17, 2009 – Listen to Modern Day Satire – The Invisible Man for free. The Invisible Man appears on the album Astrum Mos Veho Vos Domum. Rock. People †¦ [PDF] Invisible Man Study Guide The Picture Frame The Satire Begins www.olearyweb.com/classes/amlit010/assignments/IMStudyguide(ed).pdf‎ Invisible Man Study Guide. The Picture Frame. Directions: Read the following information before answering the questions. Be prepared to discuss your. SparkNotes: Invisible Man: Analysis of Major Characters www.sparknotes.com †º †¦ †º Literature Study Guides †º Invisible Man‎ Analysis of the major characters in Invisible Man, focusing on their personalities, motivations, relationships, and their roles in the themes of Invisible Man. Tools of Characterization in Invisible Man – Shmoop www.shmoop.com †º Literature †º Invisible Man‎ Shmoop guide to Tools of Characterization in Invisible Man. Tools of Characterization analysis by Ph.D. and Masters students from Stanford, Harvard, and †¦ What kind of ironic devices can be found in Invisible Man by Ralph †¦ answers.yahoo.com †º †¦ †º Arts & Humanities †º Books & Authors‎ Nov 12, 2007 – Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison. Study Guides These links will give you a chapter by chapter summary of the book, character analysis, plot and much †¦ [PDF] The Satire Begins – Chapters 1-2 aplitcomp.edublogs.org/files/2009/03/satire-begins.pdf‎ Invisible Man. By Ralph Ellison. THE SATIRE BEGINS. Ralph Ellison uses many of devices available to the satirist. Though they are just a sampling, these †¦

Examining Change In Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2962 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is the largest telecommunication service provider in Pakistan. It has 30,000 employees and 5.7 million customers. PTCL is the leading Infrastructure Provider to the other telecom operators and corporate customer of Pakistan. PTCL provides a variety of up-to-date home user, corporate and wholesale communication services e.g. telephone, internet, television, video conferencing etc in every part of Pakistan. Geographically the company is divided into: Headquarters, North, South, Central, and West Zones and functionally in Commercial, HR Admin, Corporate Development, Finance, Operations, Technical departments. On 16th august 2010 PTCL employees went on strike against management for not increasing their salaries in accordance with the government decision in 2008.which badly effects PTCL customers, as the whole network was running at its own with no maintenance and operation at all. As a result its after sale and support services for voice, IPTV, DSL, broadband, Wireless Internet and Dial-up became poor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining Change In Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited" essay for you Create order The major loss is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa due to floods, also the rehabilitation works has not started there due to damaged system, including workers strike. On September 7th, 2010 strike has softened and Salaries and Bonuses were transferred to employees In 2006 a new shift in the ownership of the company has been taken place. Emirates Telecommunication Corporation, a Dubai based Telecom Company commonly known as Etisalat, assumed management control of PTCL as 26% Management Share of largest telecommunication company limited (PTCL) been sold out for some about US$ 2.6 billion. Emirate Telecommunication Company Etisalat Founded on August 30, 1976, the Emirates telecommunications Corporation-Eitsalat-provides telecommunication services to the United Arab Emirates, and is one of the leading service providers in the Middle East. Eitsalat is embracing new technologies, new philosophies and new ways of doing business. Eitsalat was one of the first to introduce mobile telephones in the Middle East in 1982 and launched the GSM Service in September 1994.Mr. Obaid the Chief Executive officer, Eitsalat says that the new Management will take steps for improving quality, reorganization and extension of PTCL service to more areas; he further added that technical staff might be sent to Africa and other countries after imparting additional training to them. Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Eitsalat) was the highest bidder for the acquisition of a 26 per cent stake in Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Limited (PTCL). This latest win reflects the determination of Etisalat to strengthen its position as t he leading telecommunications company in the region. The acquisition of 26 per cent of PTCL provides Eitsalat International access to the management of the company and a pool of experienced professionals. Subsidiary of PTCL PTCL is the exclusive provider of basic telephony in Pakistan .Besides providing fixed line, value added and other ancillary services, PTCL owns subsidiary that provides cellular services. Since its transformation from a public sector corporation into a publicly listed corporate entity in 1996, PTCL has implemented an aggressive restructuring program, the primary aim of which is to improve profitability through increased customer focus and efficiency and to prepare the company for the highly competitive environment UFONE The company commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone, from Islamabad on January 29, 2001.being a part of PTCL the management of Ufone has also been handed over to Etisalat after privatization. During the year July 2005 to June 2006, Ufone keep on getting success. As a result The Company expanded its coverage and has added new cities and highways.Ufone has network coverage in more than 4745 locations and in most part of the country. Ufone successfully completed the network expansion amounted to more than US Dollar 170 million which results in increase in the asset base of the Company from Rs. 20 billion to Rs.27billion.Ufone currently caters for International Roaming to more than 230 live operators in more than 130 countries and introduced International roaming facility for Prepaid subscribers in Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Portugal, Thailand, Cyprus, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Tunisia, Sri Lanka, Belgium and Kuwait with lowest rates, fea turing no security deposit and activation charges. GPRS Roaming facility is available with more than 115 Live Operators across 85 countries. The company also got a new License for providing cellular services in Azad Jammu Kashmir and Northern Areas. Company Background History of Telecommunication In Pakistan Posts Telegraph Department (PT) was established in 1947 and Pakistan Telephone Telegraph Department (TT) in 1962.The history of telecommunication in the Sub-Continent is as old as the history of our slavery. In the subcontinent, before Independence this sector was under the Indian Post Telegraph Department and developed as a successful industry. The role of telecommunication in Pakistan can be broadly divided into four phases. Pakistan Post Telegraph (PT) This department started its telephone service with only 12346 telephone lines and seven telegraph offices all over Pakistan. All the telephone system at that time was manual. This department worked up to 1962. At the time of independence the postal and telecommunication services were performed by a single department known as Pakistan Post Telegraph (PT). The Government of Pakistan adopted the Government of India Telegraph act 1885 to control and direct the activities of telecommunication. Pakistan Telephone Telegraph (TT) Pakistan Post and Pakistan Telephone Telegraph (PTT) under the presidential ordinance was the first step towards reforms in the telecommunication sector. It was made in 1962, when the Ayub Khans government decided to split up the PT department into two separate departments. Director General headed this department. DG has the decision making power, while the responsibilities were delegated to General Managers and Chief Engineers throughout the organization. The PTT were in fact a civil service department under the ministerial control. The PTT organizational structure had 20 Chief Engineers and General Managers reporting directly to the Director General. At the time of inception of PTC the total number of employees working in PTT was 45686 and the total network comprised of 922,000 telephone lines Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) A major breakthrough in the history of telecommunication in the country occurred with the gradual deregulation and privatization of TT. At the first stage Pakistan Telephone Telegraph Department (TT) was converted into a statutory corporation Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation. On December 15, 1990 the PTT department was transformed into Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation with a legal identity separate from the Government. With Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Ordinance 1991 government open the way for private competition and start awarding licenses for cellular phone and card operated pay phones. With this liberalization 1991 government of Pakistan decided to privatized PTC and use voucher method in 1994 for privatization that later were convertible to shares, total number of voucher was six million that were equal to 600 million shares at the rate Rs. 10 per share. The telecom sector was liberalized but PTCL was still the monopolist of the land line telephone service s. In 1996 Pakistan Telecommunication Company was formed and declared the monopoly for the basic telephony of the country with Pakistan Telecommunication (reorganization) Act 1996(Choudhary, et al., 2008) Four Bodies of PTCL Under the PTC Reorganization Act, 1996 the telecommunication sectors was split into four entities. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) National Telecommunication Corporation(NTC) Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) PTCL was established with a view to undertake the telecommunication business formally carried in Pakistan. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) was transformed into Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) on January 1, 1996 under Pakistan Telecommunication Reorganization Act, 1996 according to which PTCL took over all the properties, assets, rights and obligations of PTC. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) is a regulatory body responsible for monitoring the telecommunication business in Pakistan. It frames rules and regulations for private telecom companies such as Mobile Phone Companies, Internet service providers, paging companies and pay card phone companies. Moreover, issues licenses to the new companies entering into this business. National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) is responsible to provide the telecommunication services to the various departments of government and armed services. Frequency Allocation Board Allocates radio frequency spectrum to the Government, providers of telecommunication services, radio and television broadcasting operators, public and private wireless operators and others. Privatization In December 1990 Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation was established to replace the Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department. In 1991 government of Pakistan showed its intention for the privatization of PTC for economic growth of country A consortium was hired for this purpose and as a result of his report government decided to sell out 26 % share capita along with management rights and converted it to limited company (PTCL, Internal Report). According to the privatization session of 1991-1992 12% share of Pakistan Telecommunication have been divested during 1994(Choudhary, et al., 2008; Kemal, 1999). One million exchangeable vouchers have been issued in august 1994. These issues were equal to 100 million shares and each has a value of Rs 10. In September 1994 five million vouchers have been issued to international investors. The value of these issues were $900 million from international and Rs.3 billion from domestic issue while the values of the voucher in first and second issues were Rs.3000 and 5500 respectively. the issues of 26 % management share was still a controversy, the Government continued its mission by issuing Notes with 150 million US dollar worth to international investor in 1997. The Notes were convertible to fully paid A class ordinary shares of PTCL and these were 3.3 % of the total share capital issued. In august 1997 foreign receivable has been securitized successfully obtaining 250 million US dollar to GOP. In 1995 a new financial advisor was hired by Privatization commission for the implementation of strategic sale (26% management shares) but the new governments suspended the services of the financial advisor (Deutsche Morgan Grenfell), and in 1998 hire the M/S Goldman Sachs International to provide advisory services on PTCL privatization (PTCL, Internal Report).The Financial Advisor (Goldman Sachs International) has start working and established a data room at the head quarter of PTCL where all possible information that is related to PTCL were available to facilitate the team. Government approved the proposed policy and decided to complete the Re-regulation by December 2003, major steps has been taken on legal and regulatory measures, PTA granted license to PTML (Ufone) and proposed DSI regulation for tariff and licensing has also been accepted (PTCL, Internal Report). At last in April 2006 control of the Pakistan Telecommunication corporation was handed over to Etisalat(UAE based company), Etisalat assume the control of the company by paying 2.6 billion US dollar to buy 26% share with management right in PTCL. With the control of PTCL Etisalat also assume the control of Ufone, one the top class mobile service provider subsidiary of PTCL (PTCL subsidiary) PTCL also signed a contract with Emaar to provide information and telecommunication technology services to household in Karachi and Islamabad. After this agreement PTCL is the only services provider that offer ICT to two big project of Emaar Pakistan, every household and office will be connected through fiber optics (PTCL, PTCL signed contract with Emaar). Impact on Competition The Re-regulation in telecom sector has positive effects; people now have more Choices and easy access to value added services at cheaper prices. The intensive competition in all parts of telecom sector has momentous decrease in the tariffs of different telecom services. With the privatization and Re-regulation of PTCL many Competitors have entered in Pakistani market. Paktel and Instaphone were entered in Pakistan telecom industry in 1990 and in 1994 Mobilink started its function. In 2001, Ufone, a supplementary part of PTCL entered in the market and in 2005 both Warid and Telenor one by one started their services (uz Zaman, et al.) From the year 2000 there is tremendous increase in the cellular users. Mobilink is the largest cellular company with the highest number of users, compare to Ufone. Currently 79% population in Punjab has mobile phones, 75% in Sindh, 34% in Baluchistan, 63% in N.W.F.P. and overall 73.3% of population in Pakistan enjoying this facility (uz Zaman, et al.).Zong (previously Paktel) has great share in the cellular market. Latest data from PTA shows that Telenor rise to number two and Warid telecom is becoming more popular and capturing market share with the high pace as compare to other traditional rivals. Within 4 year of time Telenor has reached to the second largest cellular mobile company after Mobilink with subscribers of approx.19 million (PTA, Cellular subscriber). With the arrival of competitors there is decreasing trend in PTCL landline and WLL subscribers. In 2000 there were 3.05 million fixed line subscribers and till 2005 there is increasing trend in the fixed line subscribers (5 million fixed line subscribers), but after the year 2005 and with the entrance of competitors its fixed land line subscribers decrease and reached at 3.58 million. This is not just PTCL whose subscribers decrease but also Instaphone and Paktel who lost their market. Instaphone is currently operating with bellow 1% market share in some backward area and Paktel was coming down and down when Zong overtake and buy the company (PTA, fixed line subscribers). This was just due to obsolete technology. A great number of local and foreign companies are competing in Pakistan It includes both fixed line (wired and WLL) and cellular. Although current operator still has monopoly position in fixed line due to its strong infrastructure, yet major competition has been emerged in Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and this market is directing towards full competition with the entrance of some financially strong companies. The Value-added services market, including Internet and Pay Card phones, is already in full competition (Shahid, Shou-lian, Liu). The raise in the number of telecom service subscribers can be linked with the convenience of service and with the growth in the teledensity. Expansion of fixed line subscribers (200,000- 300,000)/year were projected on the bases of construction of new residential dwelling units, new shops for small businesses and registration of new businesses with the Corporate Law Authority (Choudhary, et al., 2008). The subscriber growth and teledensity rate was insufficient before PTC era. Switching TT into PTC and then to PTCL helped the fixed network development, and increase in teledensity. With the introduction of Competition in fixed and mobile line has major impact on the users and the teledensity. The projection by Choudhary, et.al. pointed towards the teledensity which was continue to increase for the next 10 years and will reach to its peak up to 2018. At the same time, the growth in internet, WLL technologies broadband and investment in telecommunication sector will also increase with t he slow pace for the next 10 years. (Choudhary, et al., 2008).But the figure available on PTA website shows that there is a decline in the fixed line services from 2006 to 2009. This is just in wired line connection but the wireless local loop has an increasing trend in its teledensity and also subscribers. Source: PTA, Fixed line Subscriber Financial Aspects of PTCL PTCL was one of the Pakistan profits earning Telecom Company. After getting Privatized PTCL is losing its base as its subscription declined from 5.12 million to 4.40 million in 2008.While the revenue declined from Rupees 69085 million in 2006 to RS. 61,085 million in 2008. Similarly the Profit after tax in 2006 was some about Rs. 20777 million while in 2008 there is a loss of Rs. 2825 million. The financial statement shows a continuous growth till 2006 while after privatization the company is facing severe financial shortcomings (PTCL limited). In the last few years the impact of Re-regulation and increase of competition in the telecommunication industry of Pakistan has been increasingly mounting pressure on PTCL. PTCL has launched its profit of Rs. 15.64 billion for the period of 2007 compare to last year profit of 20.78 billion. The decreasing trend in the profit was due to the structural change brought by the competitors in the telecom market. PTCL remain leader in fixed line, however there was decrease in revenue by 5.5% due to huge entry of different telecom companies in the market. There was increase in operation expenses by 11.7% mostly due to systematic developments in the operations and customer service and provisions for doubtful debts. The total revenue for the financial year 2006-07 was Rs.65.28 billion against the previous year revenue of 69.09 billion. The main reasons for the reductions in the revenue are reductions in tariffs and heavy competition in the market. (PTCL, Annual Report 2007) To succeed in this highly competitive telecom market and to meet the increasing challenges, PTCL has taken certain necessary steps for organizational revolution. These steps include Enterprise Resource Planning Packages, introduction implementation of Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS), as well as penetrating new innovated services. However, the profitability of the Company for the year ended June 30, 2008 suffered due to amalgamation of a massive VSS cost amounting to Rs. 23.94 billion. Because of these steps company bears a net loss of Rs. 2.82 billion against previous years net profit of Rs. 15.64 billion. As discussed above the decreasing trend the subscriber and the ultimate affect on the revenue is not just for PTCL but also for two other companies who have the largest share in the cellular market (PTCL, Annual Report 2008). Another reason for the decrease in the revenue is the decrease in the tariff, there is huge decrease in the international tariff from Rs.26/per minute to Rs. 2/per minute so it ultimately affect the revenue.The total revenue for financial year 2007-08 was Rs. 61.09 billion compares to previous year revenue of Rs. 65.28 billion. The decreasing trend in the revenue was due to huge penetration by mobile business and tight market competition. Due to improved operational controls, the Company managed to reduce its operating costs to Rs. 44.7 billion as compared to Rs. 46.6 billion in 2007. The non-operational income of the company is also affected by the huge outflow of the financial reserves in the shape of VSS (Voluntary Separation Scheme). But the implementation of VSS scheme can help the company to understand certain savings in the last quarter against allowances and salaries. (PTCL, Annual Report, year ended June 30, 2008). Source: PTCL, Annual Report, year ended June 30, 2008

Research Proposal on Business Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2539 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Research proposal on business strategy Abstract Strategy and strategic planning is very important to maintain a business in a good way. It helps to be topper in the market. Mission, vision, goal, objective, and core competencies got new life through strategic planning. Ansoffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth matrix, space matrixes are one of the factors that is needed to create strategic planning. So this thing is essential to flight in the market with quality and value for money product Introduction The success of a company depends how the management drives the company. Without making a good and efficient strategy it is impossible for a company to carry out their business successfully. The more efficient the strategies are of a company are the chances or probabilities are higher to see the face of the success. As mentioned that every business needs strategies which can be for long time or short time. Without strategy ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not possible for any business to exist. Nowadays with the changing world it has become very tough for the companies to compete with their competitors and keep themselves alive in the market. With the changing world the tool of strategies has also been changed. It helps the businesses to do it in a more efficient ways nowadays, which was not possible before. Here on the report we will see how the business strategies of different companies are helping the businesses to run more efficiently and successfully. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research Proposal on Business Strategy" essay for you Create order Organisational overview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ICI Bangladesh Manufacturers Limited was a subsidiary of world renowned multinational ICI Plc and was a listed public limited company under Dhaka Stock Exchange. In 1992 ICI Plc divested its shareholding through a management buyout and the company name was changed from ICI Bangladesh Manufacturers Limited to Advanced Chemical Industries (ACI) Limited. ACI Formulations Limited, a subsidiary of ACI, became a public listed company through direct listing. ACI has diversified into four major strategic business divisions which include Health Care, Consumer Brands, Agribusinesses and Retail Chain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The Process of Strategic Planning Our Mission Mission of a company tells us about an organisation purpose, why do they exist and the reasons for existing. It also defines who your customers are, identify the products which you will serve and in which area you want to operate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ACIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission is to enrich the quality of life of people through responsible application of knowledge, skills and technology. ACI is committed to the pursuit of excellence through world-class products, innovative processes and empowered employees to provide the highest level of satisfaction to its customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . ACI mission is to satisfy the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs by providing better quality products to their customers. They also want to enrich their customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs through their knowledge, skills, and technology. Our Vision A vision can be defined as an image of the future which a company wants to create. A companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision is all about their future plans with aims and objectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To realize the mission ACI will: Endeavour to attain a position of leadership in each category of its businesses. Attain a high level of productivity in all its operations through effective and efficient use of resources, adoption of appropriate technology and alignment with our core competencies. Develop its employees by encouraging empowerment and rewarding innovation. Promote an environment for learning and personal growth of its employees. Provide products and services of high and consistent quality, ensuring value for money to its customers. Encourage and assist in the qualitative improvement of the services of its suppliers and distributors. Establish harmonious relationship with the community and promote greater Environmental responsibility within its sphere of influenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . ACIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision is to be the leader in the industry, by providing better quality and also by providing reasonable price. Our Objectives Objective is a specific result that a company aims to achieve by using their resources within a time frame. Objectives of the company are more specific. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mostly about companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s all planning and strategic activities. ACI also have some objectives like other companies. Their strategic objective is to increase market share and capturing market leading position by providing good quality and being honest. Their functional objective is to work on department wise. Then the individual objective of ACI is to work on their particular department like promotional departments work is to advertise the product more attractively to influence the customers. Our Goal Goal is something which leads a company to its success. Along with companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission, vision, objectives etc, it is also a part of them. Every company wants to achieve it. ACIs goal is to provide harmless aerosol with good quality in low price to their customers. Core competence Core competencies are major strengths or strategic advantages for a company. It is mixer of expertise and technical abilities that a company has which creates a competition in the business market. It helps a company to be unique from others and it is quite tough for other companies to copy it Factors That Need to Create any Strategic Plan Strategic thinking Is the mental process of an individual which is applied to achieve a goal or to achieve a success. In organizations strategic thinking is mainly done by the top management. It can be done by an individual or by a group which is more effective then the individual because group strategic thinking helps to share ideas. Top managers and chief executives are basically responsible for this work. Strategic thinking can create competitive advantages, which will benefit the organization. Competition Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the contest of being better by a person or organization through competing with others. For organizations competitions are mainly for capturing more customers by making lower the price, keep the treed secrets, providing better quality etc. Customer needs Customer has some needs from the organizations and those are service, price, quality, action and appreciation Service à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Customer always want better services from the organization whatever they purchase. If the customer faces any problem with the product or service, they want the problem to be solved early. Price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Customer always want the product in low or reasonable price. Price is a very important factor for any organization because customer buys the product if the price is comfortable for them. Quality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Customer always want better quality product from the organization. If the product quality is better, customer do not think about the price and the product should be durable and comfortable for the customer. Action à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Organization should response on the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objection or any kind of problem and the problem should be solved immediately. For the action the organization can provide after sale service through which the organization can response to the need for action. Appreciation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Organization should appreciate the customers through which the customer can feel valuable. Organization appreciates the customers by welcoming, saying thank you. They can be also appreciated by recognizing through this the customer can become permanent for the organization. Ten think organization need to know about their customers Who they are: To find out or identify the customers, gender, age, marital status and occupation. And if the organization is doing b2b business then the organization should identify the size and kind of business. What they do: Organization should identify the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s occupation and interest. Why they buy: Organization should identify why the customer buy their product or service. It will help the organization to match the customer needs with their products. When they buy: If the organization can understand when the customer will buy the product, and if the organization can provide the product at that time there is a huge possibility for success. How they buy: In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world customer buy the product or service through web site or face to face and the organization should understand the buying pattern of customers through which they can be benefited. How muc h money they have: If the organization can understand the financial situation of customer, it will be helpful for the organization to provide the product or service based on the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s affordability. What makes them feel good about buying: If the organization can understand the feelings of the customer, it will help the organization to serve according to their preference. What they expect of you: If the organization can satisfy the customers expectation there will be possibility of repeat business. What they think about you: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very important for the organization to understand what the customer thinks about them. What they think about your competitors: If the organization can understand what the customer thinks about their competitors, it helps to create competitive advantage and also to stay ahead from the competitor. Competitive advantage Competitive advantage is a very important factor for any organization. Basically comparative advantage is the benefits or advantage given by the organization then the competitors. It helps to stay ahead and in better position than the competitors. It can be create by providing low price, better quality etc. through competitive advantage an organization can capture more customer which will increase the sale and profit. Competitive advantage can be two types 1-Comparative advantage 2-Differential advantage Comparative advantage: ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a cost advantage, which means the organization is providing the product or service in low price compare to their competitors. Differential advantage: It means the organization is providing the products or services which are different in quality (better quality) then the competitors. Ansoffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth-vector matrix Market penetration: It means existing product in existing market. Product development: It means new products in existing market. Market development: It means ex isting product in new market. Diversification: It means new product in new market. Planning system Top down planning: It means strategy or the plan are made by the top management and the then its send to the lower level for doing the activities according to the strategy or plan. Bottom up planning: Here the strategy or plan is taken by the lower level and then send it to the higher level management for the approval, so that the lower management can work based on their strategy. Behavioral approach It is mainly about the relationship with each other, behavioral approach basically about the social, political and cultural situation of an organization. there are four factors. Problem awareness- Sometimes in organization problem arises, like the management provides such work to the employees which they are not able to do. At that time there is a possibility of raising problems. Problem diagnoses: In this situation the managers try to identify the problems by analyzing or going insight the problem. Solution search: Here the manager tries to find out the solution of the problem by consulting with others. Memory search à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" To use the solution witch was used before. Passive search à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Wafting for the solution. Solution selection: To select the appropriate solution Eliminate unacceptable plan- To ignore unnecessary plans. Endorsement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" To ignore lower employees for taking any decisions. Evaluate the effectiveness of techniques used when developing strategic business plans. Boston consulting group (BCG) Bruce D. Henderson created BCG matrices in 1970 to understand or identify what kind of resources and finances need to be used for the organization. BCG matrices help the organization for applying appropriate strategy through which they can identify the performance of the organization. BCG Matrix BCG matrix Stars: In star the market growth and market share is very high which means the organization in leading position because of the high market share they are able to utilize much investment in business. Cash cow: In cash cow the market share is very high and the market growth is very low. Here the organization have more money compare to their growth. Question mark: In question mark the market share is very low and the market growth is very high, they do not have much cash for that they are not able to invest. Dogs: In dogs market share and market growth is very low, usually the businesses those are in decline stage fall in dogs. As they do not have much cash so they are not able to invest. Space matrix Management usually use space matrix to analyze the organization, it helps the organization to identify the appropriate strategy or decision it needs. Through space matrix organization cam understand its current situation, it also helps which strategy the organization should follow: Conservative, aggressive, defensive or competitive. Space matrix suggests the organization for different issues: Financial strength, industrial strength, competitive strength and environmental strength. Internal strategic dimension Financial strength: here all the financial factors are included such as ROI, liquidity, working capital and cash flow. In financial strength one is the worst and six is the best variable. Competitive advantage Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s when an organization is providing advantages to the customers then the competitors. In competitive advantage -1 is the best and -6 is the worst va riable. External strategic dimensions Industry strength- industrial strength helps the organization to develop through growth potential, profit potential, and financial stability. In this strength 1 is the worst and 6 is the best variable. Environmental stability Environmental stability is the situation of the market where the technological changes, inflation, demand variability, price range of competitive products, risk of the industry, barriers to enter or exit the market are included. Here -1 is the best and -6 is the worst variable. Space matrix Conservative strategy Here the market share and market growth is very low which means the organization is in dog position and the organization is also very weak, for avoiding this position the organization can create competitive advantages or they can target niche market. They can also go for diversification. In this situation they should avoid market penetration, product development and market development. Ag gressive strategy The organizations economic concision is good which means they can create competitive advantage through their economical strength. In aggressive strategy the organization can use backward integration and forward integration. Backward integration is about vertical integration where the supplier will be eliminated. Through backward integration the organization will be beneficial and can make more profit. Forward integration is also about vertical integration where the distributor will be eliminated, it also helps the organization to make more profit. Defensive strategy Here the organization have less competitive product and they also have less financial strength for that they need to improve internal weakness and avoid external threads. Competitive strategy In this strategy the organization is in good situation where they can create competitive advantages. They also have a financial weakness because of the environmental instability. Conclusion Strategy is very much essential for any business, without a proper and appropriate strategy a business cannot be able to run successfully. Strategy helps the employees to work based on it, through which they can understand their role. Strategy is basically not for long time, it depends on the demand of the situation because every strategy is not appropriate for every situation. Usually the top management makes the strategy for the organization and lower management follow that strategy. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world an organization cannot fight against competitors without an appropriate strategy. Therefore in this research proposal, it is proven that an organization definitely needs strategy to run. Reference Riley, P R, 2011.Business Strategy. 4th ed. new delhi: viva books. aci limited, (2000)company profile, https://www.aci-bd.com/corporate.php, 27/02/2013 aci limited, (2000)Mision Vision, https://www.aci-bd.com/mission-vision.php, 26/02/2015

The Problem Of A Social Problem Essay - 1450 Words

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